Hītori o te whanaketanga o te manipulator

He taputapu whakahaere aunoa te taputapu whakahaere ka taea te whai i ētahi mahi a te ringa me te ringa hei hopu, hei kawe i ngā mea, hei whakahaere rānei i ngā taputapu i runga i ngā tikanga kua whakaritea. Ko te taputapu whakahaere te karetao ahumahi tuatahi, engari ko te karetao hou tuatahi hoki, ka taea e ia te whakakapi i te mahi taumaha a te tangata hei whakatutuki i te miihini me te aunoatanga o te whakaputanga, ka taea te mahi i roto i te taiao kino hei tiaki i te haumaru whaiaro, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga mīhini, te whakarewa, te hikohiko, te ahumahi māmā me te pūngao atomika me ētahi atu tari.

I whakawhanakehia i runga i ngā karetao tawhito i puta mai i ngā rā o mua, i tīmata te rangahau karetao i waenganui o te rautau 20, me te whanaketanga o te rorohiko me te hangarau aunoatanga, inā koa mai i te taenga mai o te rorohiko hiko matihiko tuatahi i te tau 1946, kua tino ahu whakamua ngā rorohiko ki te huarahi tere, kaha nui me te utu iti. I taua wā anō, ko te hiahia nui mō te hanga papatipu kua whakatairanga i te ahunga whakamua o te hangarau aunoatanga, ā, kua whakatakoto i te turanga mō te whanaketanga o ngā karetao.

I tētahi atu taha, ko te rangahau i te hangarau pūngao karihi e hiahia ana ki ētahi mīhini whakahaere hei whakahaere i ngā rauemi irahiko kaua ki te tangata. I roto i te horopaki o tēnei tono, i whakawhanakehia e te Hononga o Amerika tētahi taputapu whakahaere mamao i te tau 1947, me tētahi taputapu whakahaere rangatira-pononga miihini i te tau 1948. I whakawhanakehia tuatahitia te taputapu whakahaere i te Hononga o Amerika. I te tau 1954, i whakaarohia tuatahitia e Devor o te Hononga o Amerika te ariā o ngā karetao ahumahi, ā, i tono mō tētahi patent. Ko te kaupapa matua o te patent ko te whakahaere i te hononga o te karetao mā te āwhina o te hangarau servo, te whakamahi i te ringa tangata hei whakaako i te karetao, ā, ka taea e te karetao te tuhi me te whakaputa anō i te mahi.

Ka kiia tēnei he karetao whakaako me te whakaatu. Tata ki ngā karetao katoa o nāianei e whakamahi ana i tēnei tikanga whakahaere. I te tau 1958, i whakawhanakehia e te Kamupene Whakahaere o te United States te karetao whakakī karetao tuatahi. Ko ngā tauira mahi tuatahi hei hua karetao ko te "VERSTRAN" i whakarewahia e AMF me te "UNIMATE" i whakarewahia e UNIMATION i te tau 1962. Ko ēnei karetao ahumahi he mea hanga ki ngā ringaringa me ngā ringaringa rite ki te tangata, ka taea te whakakapi i te mahi taumaha a te tangata hei whakatutuki i te miihini me te aunoatanga o te whakaputanga, ā, ka taea te mahi i roto i ngā taiao kino hei tiaki i te haumaru whaiaro, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga mīhini, te whakarewa, te hikohiko, te ahumahi māmā me te pūngao atomika me ētahi atu tari.